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advanced-wireless [2022/06/10 09:51] – [Country Rev] m_ars | advanced-wireless [2023/09/25 20:31] – [Beacon Interval] -clarity hogwild | ||
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====== Advanced Wireless ====== | ====== Advanced Wireless ====== | ||
- | The Advanced Wireless menu contains settings for advanced tuning of WiFi interfaces. Changing | + | The Advanced Wireless menu contains settings for advanced tuning of WiFi interfaces. Changing settings from defaults is not recommended unless you are experienced with advanced WiFi settings. |
- | \\ | + | |
- | {{: | + | |
- | \\ | + | |
==== Afterburner ==== | ==== Afterburner ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | (Note: only supported on MIPS RT & RT-N branch/ | ||
Enabling Afterburner turns on support for Broadcom' | Enabling Afterburner turns on support for Broadcom' | ||
- | Options: | + | \\ |
* Disable * | * Disable * | ||
* Enable | * Enable | ||
* Auto | * Auto | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
==== Authentication Type ==== | ==== Authentication Type ==== | ||
- | This option controls whether clients must use shared keys to authenticate. Shared Key is disabled in some wireless security modes, for compatibility. | + | This option controls whether clients must use shared keys to authenticate. Shared Key is disabled in some wireless security modes, for compatibility |
- | Options: | + | \\ |
* Auto * | * Auto * | ||
* Shared Key | * Shared Key | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
==== Protected Management Frames ==== | ==== Protected Management Frames ==== | ||
- | Three configuration options exist for Protected Management Frames (PMF). [Note: | + | Protected Management Frame (PMF) is also known as Management Frame Protection (MFP). Support for this ARM-only option started with release 2021.6. |
- | Options: | + | \\ |
- | * Disable * | + | * Disable * - Choosing this turns off PMF. |
- | * Capable | + | * Capable |
- | * Required | + | * Required |
- | By default, this wireless security enhancement option is disabled because not all wireless clients support it. Support for this option is available starting with release 2021.6 (only for ARM hardware). \\ | ||
\\ | \\ | ||
- | {{: | + | By default, this feature is disabled because not all wireless clients support it. |
\\ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
==== Basic Rate ==== | ==== Basic Rate ==== | ||
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The //Basic Rate Set// is a list of rates at which the router reports it can sync. with wireless client devices. A router regularly broadcasts the Basic Rate Set in its beacon packets. In this way, wireless clients in your network know which rates will be used. The Router will also advertise that it will automatically select the best rate for transmission. | The //Basic Rate Set// is a list of rates at which the router reports it can sync. with wireless client devices. A router regularly broadcasts the Basic Rate Set in its beacon packets. In this way, wireless clients in your network know which rates will be used. The Router will also advertise that it will automatically select the best rate for transmission. | ||
- | Options: | + | \\ |
* Default * | * Default * | ||
Line 51: | Line 58: | ||
* All | * All | ||
- | **Default: | + | |
**1-2 Mbps: | **1-2 Mbps: | ||
- | **All: | + | **All: |
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
==== Beacon Interval ==== | ==== Beacon Interval ==== | ||
- | This specifies the period of time between one beacon broadcast and the next. A beacon is a packet broadcast by the router to synchronize the wireless network and serve other administrative functions. (Default: 100 ms). | + | (Default: 100 ms). |
+ | |||
+ | This specifies the time period | ||
+ | |||
+ | Beacons use up some network bandwidth that could be used for transmission of user/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Using higher beacon values may also allow some mobile client devices to have longer battery life. This is because WiFi adapters are able to “sleep” in between beacon broadcasts. Thus, when beacons are less frequent, your devices have more time to sleep, saving energy in the process. This can increase battery life. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Setting a lower beacon interval allows faster router discovery. When the router sends beacons more frequently, clients can discover it more quickly. This can help with weak signals and poor reception environments. After all, the more frequenlty beacons are sent, the better the chance client devices will receive them. This can also be helpful when you are using roaming features, with multiple APs. It allows the client devices to better choose which AP to connect to. | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
==== CTS Protection Mode ==== | ==== CTS Protection Mode ==== | ||
- | Options: | + | \\ |
* Disable * | * Disable * | ||
- | * Auto | + | * Auto - Determines which computer can reach the router at a specific time \\ through CTS and its send (RTS) packet. |
- | This function could more appropriately be called RTS/CTS Protection Mode. Wireless client devices transmitting to a router cannot detect when other devices on the same network are also transmitting. When more than one client transmits at a time, data collisions occur. The router is then forced to discard data from both clients. This increases error rates and reduces speed. When Clear-to-Send Protection is on, a computer must send a // | + | \\ |
+ | |||
+ | This function could more appropriately be called RTS/CTS Protection Mode. Wireless client devices transmitting to a router cannot detect when other devices on the same network are also transmitting. When more than one client transmits at a time, data collisions occur. The router is then forced to discard data from both clients. This increases error rates and reduces speed. | ||
+ | |||
+ | When Clear-to-Send Protection is on, a computer must send a // | ||
+ | |||
+ | CTS is typically used for 802.11b/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Disable is the recommended setting, as well-designed networks rarely need it. However, if you experience lots of physical layer collisions, try enabling this and tuning the //RTS Threshold// | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
- | Auto: determines which computer can reach the FreshTomato router at a specific time through CTS and its send (RTS) packet. Disabled is the recommended setting, since well-designed networks rarely need it. However, if you are experiencing lots of physical layer collisions, then you might try enabling this and tuning the //RTS Threshold// | ||
==== Regulatory Mode ==== | ==== Regulatory Mode ==== | ||
- | Options: | + | This option lets you choose which wireless standards are followed. |
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
* Off * | * Off * | ||
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* 802.11h | * 802.11h | ||
- | This option lets you choose | + | \\ Countries |
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
- Federal Communications Commission or " | - Federal Communications Commission or " | ||
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- (South) Korea Communications Commission (KCC) | - (South) Korea Communications Commission (KCC) | ||
- | Each domain has strict regulations for parameters such as antenna gain, transmit power, channel selection. Many countries choose to adhere to the standards completely. A few countries modify an existing standard to their own unique needs. This can create complications. \\ \\ **802.11d: | ||
- | |||
- | **802.11h: ** 802.11h is the IEEE standard for Spectrum and Transmit Power Management Extensions. It solves problems like interference with satellites and radar using the same 5 GHz frequency band. The standard provides Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) and Transmit Power Control (TPC) to the IEEE 802.11a MAC. (Media Access Control layer). \\ | ||
\\ | \\ | ||
- | {{:pasted:20220309-082745.png}} \\ | + | |
+ | Each domain has strict regulations for parameters like antenna gain, transmit power, channel selection. Many countries adhere to the standards completely. A few countries modify an existing standard to their unique needs. This can create complications. \\ \\ **802.11d:** This supplemental standard adds requirements and definitions necessary to allow 802.11 equipment to operate in markets // | ||
+ | |||
+ | **802.11h: ** 802.11h is the standard for Spectrum and Transmit Power Management Extensions. It solves problems like interference with satellites and radar using the same 5 GHz frequency band. The standard provides Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) and Transmit Power Control (TPC) to the IEEE 802.11a MAC layer. | ||
\\ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
==== Country / Region ==== | ==== Country / Region ==== | ||
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(Default: Singapore / 12) [ARM] | (Default: Singapore / 12) [ARM] | ||
- | Country | + | The Country |
- | //Example | + | Please See: [[https://www.linksysinfo.org/ |
- | * CY / 4 - Country: CY (Cyprus) AND Country | + | \\ |
- | * CZ / 4 - Country: CZ (Czech Republic) AND Country Rev: 4 | + | |
- | * EU / 13 - Country: EU (Europe) AND Country Rev: 13 | + | Some Country |
- | * EU / 33 - Country: EU (Europe) AND Country Rev: 33 | + | |
- | * EU / 53 - Country: EU (Europe) AND Country Rev: 53 | + | For example, on ARM routers, setting |
- | * EU / 78 - Country: EU (Europe) AND Country Rev: 78 | + | |
- | * DE / 7 - Country: DE (Germany) AND Country Rev: 7 | + | \\ |
- | * PL / 4 - Country: PL (Poland) AND Country Rev: 4 | + | |
- | * FR / 5 - Country: | + | //SDK6 Example |
- | * GB / 6 - Country: GB (Great Britain) AND Country Rev: 6 | + | |
- | * FI / 4 - Country: FI (Finland) AND Country Rev: 4 | + | * EU / 13 - Country: EU (Europe) AND Country Rev: 13 (Asus defaults for Germany and SDK6 routers: RT-N18U, RT-AC56U, RT-AC68U C1) |
- | * HU / 4 - Country: | + | * EU / 13 - Country: EU (Europe) AND Country Rev: 13 (Asus defaults for Germany and SDK6 routers: RT-N18U, RT-AC56U, RT-AC68U C1) |
- | * ES / 4 - Country: ES (Spain) AND Country Rev: 4 | + | * EU / 13 - Country: EU (Europe) AND Country Rev: 13 (Asus defaults for UK [alias " |
- | * IT / 4 - Country: IT (Italy) AND Country Rev: 4 | + | * EU / 33 - Country: |
- | * US / 0 - Country: US (USA) AND Country Rev: 0 | + | * US / 0 - Country: |
- | * Q2 / 96 - Country: | + | * US / |
- | * Q2 / 33 - Country: Q2 (USA) AND Country Rev: 33 (Asus default setup for USA and SDK6 router RT-AC68U C1) | + | * US / 10 - Country: |
- | * Q2 / 40 - Country: Q2 (USA) AND Country Rev: 40 (Asus default setup for USA and SDK6 router RT-AC68U B1/B2) | + | * Q2 / 33 - Country: Q2 (USA) AND Country Rev: 33 |
- | * CA / 223 - Country: | + | * Q2 / 40 - Country: Q2 (USA) AND Country Rev: 40 |
- | * BR / 17 - Country: BR (Brazil) AND Country Rev: 17 | + | * Q2 / 61 - Country: |
- | * BR / 20 - Country: BR (Brazil) AND Country Rev: 20 | + | * CA / 58 - Country: |
- | * RU / 50 - Country: RU (Russia) AND Country Rev: 50 | + | |
- | * CN / 38 - Country: | + | |
- | * CN / 224 - Country: CN (China) AND Country Rev: 224 | + | |
- | * AU / 43 - Country: AU (Australia) AND Country Rev: 43 | + | |
- | * AU / 44 - Country: AU (Australia) AND Country Rev: 44 | + | |
* SG / 12 - Country: SG (Singapore) AND Country Rev: 12 (default *) | * SG / 12 - Country: SG (Singapore) AND Country Rev: 12 (default *) | ||
- | //Example Country / Region and Country Rev choices (MIPS Router, RT-N and RT-AC):// | + | \\ |
+ | |||
+ | //SDK7 Example Country / Region and Country Rev choices (ARM Routers):// | ||
+ | |||
+ | * E0 / 989 - Country: E0 AND Country Rev: 989 (Asus default setup for UK [alias " | ||
+ | * Q2 / 96 - Country: Q2 (USA) AND Country Rev: 96 (Asus default setup for USA and SDK7 router RT-AC3200) | ||
+ | * SG / 12 - Country: SG (Singapore) AND Country Rev: 12 (Default *) | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | //SDK714 Example Country / Region and Country Rev choices (ARM Routers):// | ||
+ | |||
+ | * E0 / 946 - Country: E0 AND Country Rev: 946 (Asus default setup for Germany [alias " | ||
+ | * Q2 / 992 - Country: Q2 AND Country Rev: 992 (Asus default setup for USA [alias " | ||
+ | * TBD. - CFE default value used | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | //Example Country / Region and Country Rev choices (MIPS Routers, RT-N and RT-AC):// | ||
- | * EU / 4 - Country: EU (Europe) AND Country Rev: 4 | + | * EU / |
* EU / 13 - Country: EU (Europe) AND Country Rev: 13 | * EU / 13 - Country: EU (Europe) AND Country Rev: 13 | ||
- | * PL / 2 - Country: PL (Poland) AND Country Rev: 2 | + | * PL / 2 - Country: PL (Poland) AND Country Rev: 2 |
- | * DE / 3 - Country: DE (Germany) AND Country Rev: 3 | + | * DE / |
* US / 10 - Country: US (USA) AND Country Rev: 10 | * US / 10 - Country: US (USA) AND Country Rev: 10 | ||
- | * CN / 1 - Country: CN (China) AND Country Rev: 1 | + | * CN / |
- | * TW / 4 - Country: TW (Taiwan) AND Country Rev: 4 | + | * TW / |
- | Some combinations of Country and revision codes are invalid, and will not work together. For example, if you set country to USA, and change only country to " | + | \\ |
- | + | ||
- | Most users will be able to choose the correct settings from those in the Wireless menu. However, there are many more settings. | + | |
//Advanced users can see the complete list of settings and their code commit entries here:// | //Advanced users can see the complete list of settings and their code commit entries here:// | ||
- | For SDK6 ARM router: | + | \\ |
- | For SDK7 ARM router: \\ [[https:// | + | SDK6 ARM routers: \\ [[https:// |
- | For SDK6 Mips (RT-AC) router: | + | \\ |
- | For SDK5 Mips (RT-N) | + | SDK7 ARM routers: \\ [[https:// |
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | SDK714 ARM routers: Not yet available. | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | SDK5 Mips (RT-N) | ||
+ | |||
+ | MIPS SDK5 (RT) builds, there is only a Country setting. | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | SDK6 MIPS (RT-AC) routers: \\ [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
- | Example: for SDK6 (ARM models | + | For example: for SDK6 (ARM models/builds) and country: USA, open file " |
<code -> | <code -> | ||
Line 174: | Line 239: | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | | + | |
- | For MIPS SDK5 (RT) builds, there is only a country selection setting. | + | \\ Starting with MIPS SDK6 (RT-AC) builds and all ARM Branches/ |
- | | + | |
- | ==== Country | + | \\ |
+ | |||
+ | **Note for Asus models:** To check the Country | ||
- | See the Country/ | ||
\\ | \\ | ||
- | {{:pasted: | + | |
+ | For example, on an RT-AC66U_B1 ARM router: | ||
\\ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <code -> | ||
+ | root@RT-AC66U_B1:/ | ||
+ | 0:ccode=EU | ||
+ | 1:ccode=EU | ||
+ | root@RT-AC66U_B1:/ | ||
+ | 0:regrev=33 | ||
+ | 1:regrev=33 | ||
+ | root@RT-AC66U_B1:/ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | On some older routers, some combinations may no longer be supported by the WiFi driver. For example, see: [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | To check the current wireless country setup: | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <code -> | ||
+ | root@R7000:/ | ||
+ | DE (DE/7) GERMANY | ||
+ | root@R7000:/ | ||
+ | DE (DE/7) GERMANY | ||
+ | root@R7000:/ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Country Revision ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | For an explanation of this setting, see the Country/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
==== Bluetooth Coexistence ==== | ==== Bluetooth Coexistence ==== | ||
- | Options: | + | \\ |
* Disable * | * Disable * | ||
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* Preemption | * Preemption | ||
- | Bluetooth and 2.4 GHz WiFi radio waves can interfere with each other, since both operate on the same (2.4 GHz) frequency | + | \\ |
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Bluetooth and 2.4 GHz WiFi radio waves can interfere with each other, since both operate on the same band. Choosing **Enable** can help to reduce that interference, | ||
The **Preemptive** function will make FreshTomato inform the Bluetooth device about which Bluetooth channel it's operating on. The Bluetooth device can then mark that channel as "in use" and use alternate channels for its own communications. | The **Preemptive** function will make FreshTomato inform the Bluetooth device about which Bluetooth channel it's operating on. The Bluetooth device can then mark that channel as "in use" and use alternate channels for its own communications. | ||
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The Bluetooth devices must support the Bluetooth Coexistence function, or they will be unable to share nicely and this option will have no effect. | The Bluetooth devices must support the Bluetooth Coexistence function, or they will be unable to share nicely and this option will have no effect. | ||
- | NOTE: This option is available only on 2.4GHz. | + | This option is available only on the 2.4GHz |
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
==== Distance / ACK Timing ==== | ==== Distance / ACK Timing ==== | ||
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However, higher ACK Timing comes at the cost of lower throughput. If set too high, packets could be lost as the router waits for the ACK window to timeout for ACK frames that were never going to arrive. It will also resend the " | However, higher ACK Timing comes at the cost of lower throughput. If set too high, packets could be lost as the router waits for the ACK window to timeout for ACK frames that were never going to arrive. It will also resend the " | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
==== Roaming Assistant ==== | ==== Roaming Assistant ==== | ||
- | (Default: 0 [Off]) | + | (Default: 0 / Disabled) |
- | After enabling the Roaming Assistant, you can define the value for disconnecting clients with RSSI lower than -XY dBm (Valid range: -90 to -45) from your wireless | + | After enabling the Roaming Assistant, you can define the value for disconnecting clients with RSSI lower than -XY dBm (Valid range: -90 to -45) from your WiFi radio interface |
Support for this option is available starting with release 2022.1 (ARM & MIPS hardware; Some MIPS router may not include the option). | Support for this option is available starting with release 2022.1 (ARM & MIPS hardware; Some MIPS router may not include the option). | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
==== DTIM Interval ==== | ==== DTIM Interval ==== | ||
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* Longer DTIM Intervals let clients sleep longer and save power. However, with the router waiting to send the data, it may have to buffer more of the broadcast/ | * Longer DTIM Intervals let clients sleep longer and save power. However, with the router waiting to send the data, it may have to buffer more of the broadcast/ | ||
- | In other words, wireless | + | |
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
==== Fragmentation Threshold ==== | ==== Fragmentation Threshold ==== | ||
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(Default: 2346) | (Default: 2346) | ||
- | IP fragmentation | + | IP fragmentation |
- | This option specifies the maximum size of datagram that can occur before it is fragmented into multiple datagrams. Similar to RTS Threshold, tuning | + | This option specifies the maximum size of datagram that can occur before it' |
\\ | \\ | ||
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==== Frame Burst ==== | ==== Frame Burst ==== | ||
- | Options | + | \\ |
* Disabled * | * Disabled * | ||
* Enabled | * Enabled | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
Frame-bursting is a link layer protocol used to increase the throughput of connections on links between 802.11a/ | Frame-bursting is a link layer protocol used to increase the throughput of connections on links between 802.11a/ | ||
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Network protocols for shared media are designed so that any host that has sent a MAC layer frame is then supposed to yield the medium and wait for a fixed period of time. This helps create a fair use of the medium by multiple users. | Network protocols for shared media are designed so that any host that has sent a MAC layer frame is then supposed to yield the medium and wait for a fixed period of time. This helps create a fair use of the medium by multiple users. | ||
- | Frame bursting allows wireless clients to upload data at faster speeds by using the wait intervals between frames to " | + | Frame bursting allows wireless clients to upload data at faster speeds by using the wait intervals between frames to " |
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
==== Maximum Clients ==== | ==== Maximum Clients ==== | ||
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(Default: 128) | (Default: 128) | ||
- | This specifies the maximum number of clients that can be connected to the wireless | + | This specifies the maximum number of clients that can be connected to the WiFi network. It is not reccomended |
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
==== Multicast Rate ==== | ==== Multicast Rate ==== | ||
- | Options: | + | \\ |
* Auto * | * Auto * | ||
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* … up to | * … up to | ||
* 54 Mbps | * 54 Mbps | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
This setting controls the rate at which hosts can send multicast packets to a multicast group. Traffic exceeding this rate is discarded. Optimizing this rate can lower collisions, especially when multiple devices or services are being run at the same time. Optimization may be essential for applications which stream video and corporate communications. | This setting controls the rate at which hosts can send multicast packets to a multicast group. Traffic exceeding this rate is discarded. Optimizing this rate can lower collisions, especially when multiple devices or services are being run at the same time. Optimization may be essential for applications which stream video and corporate communications. | ||
For small, basic networks, the default should work fine. However, on larger networks, it's recommended that you adjust this setting. Typically, switching to the lowest setting is the quickest, easiest way to optimize your system. However, networks with more client devices will likely require higher settings to be effective. Setting this too high can impact performance, | For small, basic networks, the default should work fine. However, on larger networks, it's recommended that you adjust this setting. Typically, switching to the lowest setting is the quickest, easiest way to optimize your system. However, networks with more client devices will likely require higher settings to be effective. Setting this too high can impact performance, | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
==== Preamble ==== | ==== Preamble ==== | ||
- | Options: | + | \\ |
* Long * | * Long * | ||
* Short | * Short | ||
- | In wireless networking, the preamble (or " | + | \\ |
+ | |||
+ | In wireless networking, the preamble (or " | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
==== 802.11n Preamble ==== | ==== 802.11n Preamble ==== | ||
- | Options: | + | \\ |
* Auto | * Auto | ||
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* GF-BRCM | * GF-BRCM | ||
- | For an explanation of basic concepts of the wireless preamble, see the // | + | \\ |
+ | |||
+ | For an explanation of wireless preamble | ||
**Auto: | **Auto: | ||
- | **Mixed Mode: **Mixed Mode transmissions can be decoded by 802.11a/g clients, | + | **Mixed Mode: **Mixed Mode transmissions can be decoded by 802.11a/g clients, |
- | **Greenfield: | + | **Greenfield: |
- | **GF-BRCM: **TBD. \\ | + | **GF-BRCM: **" |
- | \\ | + | |
- | {{: | ||
\\ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
==== Overlapping BSS Coexistence ==== | ==== Overlapping BSS Coexistence ==== | ||
- | Options: | + | \\ |
* Off * | * Off * | ||
- | * On: If Tomato | + | * On: If FreshTomato |
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Overlapping BSS Coexistence is a feature to help prevent interference between WiFi networks. When you enable Overlapping BSS Coexistence, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Depending on your network, disabling Overlapping BSS Coexistence might help your devices connect to the WiFi router at faster speeds. | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
==== RTS Threshold ==== | ==== RTS Threshold ==== | ||
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(Default: 2347) | (Default: 2347) | ||
- | When CTS (Clear-to-Send) Protection is on, a host must send an //RTS// (// | + | When CTS (Clear-to-Send) Protection is on, a host must send an //RTS// (// |
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
==== Transmit Power ==== | ==== Transmit Power ==== | ||
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(Default: 0) | (Default: 0) | ||
- | This allows | + | This lets you override regulatory and other limitations |
+ | |||
+ | Lowering Transmit Power can be useful for increasing security. For example, if power is too low to reach past the boundaries of your property, it will be harder for others outside your property to snoop on your connection. Lowering Transmit Power can also reduce interference received by other, nearby radio equipment. | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
- | Lowering Transmit Power can be useful for increasing security. For example, if power is too low to reach past the boundaries of your property, it will be harder for others to snoop on your connection. Doing so could also reduce interference received by other, nearby radio equipment. | ||
==== Transmission Rate ==== | ==== Transmission Rate ==== | ||
- | The Transmission Rate is the rate at which data are being transerred between a router/AP and a wireless | + | The Transmission Rate is the rate at which data are being transerred between a router and a WiFi client device. Several factors affect Transmission Rate, including the WiFi protocol used, signal strength, channel width (in MHz), and the use of MIMO or SU-MIMO. This setting is outdated and mostly applies to older protocols such as 802.11g. In general, you are advised to leave the setting on Auto. |
- | Options: | + | \\ |
* Auto * (Default) | * Auto * (Default) | ||
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* … up to | * … up to | ||
* 54 Mbps | * 54 Mbps | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
==== AC-PHY Interference Mitigation ==== | ==== AC-PHY Interference Mitigation ==== | ||
This option is only available for wireless chipsets/ | This option is only available for wireless chipsets/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
* None * (default) | * None * (default) | ||
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* opt. 2 AND opt. 3 | * opt. 2 AND opt. 3 | ||
* opt. 1 AND opt. 2 AND opt. 3 (All option enabled) \\ | * opt. 1 AND opt. 2 AND opt. 3 (All option enabled) \\ | ||
+ | |||
\\ | \\ | ||
- | {{: | + | {{: |
- | \\ | + | |
- | ==== Interference Mitigation ==== | ||
- | This sets the Wireless | + | ==== Interference Mitigation |
- | | + | This sets the Wireless Interference Mitigation mode. This option is only available wireless chipsets/ |
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | | ||
* Non-WLAN | * Non-WLAN | ||
* WLAN Manual | * WLAN Manual | ||
* WLAN Auto | * WLAN Auto | ||
* WLAN Auto with Noise Reduction | * WLAN Auto with Noise Reduction | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
**None:** This setting is recommended if there are no other " | **None:** This setting is recommended if there are no other " | ||
- | **Non-WLAN: | + | **Non-WLAN: |
**WLAN Manual:** This activates interference mitigation against other Wireless LAN Access Points. | **WLAN Manual:** This activates interference mitigation against other Wireless LAN Access Points. | ||
- | **WLAN Auto: | + | **WLAN Auto: |
+ | |||
+ | **WLAN Auto with Noise Reduction: | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
==== WMM ==== | ==== WMM ==== | ||
- | Wireless Multimedia options: | + | \\ |
* Auto | * Auto | ||
* Disable | * Disable | ||
- | * Enable * (default and also recommended | + | * Enable * (Default / recommended) |
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Wireless MultiMedia is a best-effort form of QoS that maintains the priority of audio, video and voice applications over others which are less time critical. WMM ensures that applications that need better throughput and performance are inserted with a higher position in priority queues. | ||
+ | |||
+ | For example, video and audio applications would get higher priority over a file transfer application. Setting priorities this way would prevent the parties in a (VoIP) phone conversation from experiencing delays, as the network would ensure packets arrive on time. Someone watching a video would be more likely to see smooth action. | ||
+ | |||
+ | However, WMM can be very data demanding. With older WiFi protocols, such as (802.11b, a, g ) it may use too much bandwidth. For this reason, you can disable it to free up usable bandwidth. | ||
+ | |||
+ | However, WMM is a requirement of the 802.11n, 802.11ac and 802.11ax specifications. Disabling it will cause fully WMM-compliant clients to fall back to 802.11a/g legacy rates (of 54 Megabits/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Also note that if you some Apple products, such as iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, or Apple TV may not be able to connect to WiFi via the 802.1 protocl unless WMM is enabled.\\ | ||
- | Note: Disabling WMM will/should result in clients falling back to 802.11a/g rates (54 Mbit/s). | ||
==== No ACK ==== | ==== No ACK ==== | ||
- | ACKnowledgement frames are sent on networks to acknowledge receipt of data frames. This allows applicable protocols to guarantee data delivery. However, it can also slow throughput. If acknowledgements are not necessary, and the network is reliable enough without | + | ACKnowledgement frames are sent on networks to acknowledge receipt of data frames. This allows applicable protocols to guarantee data delivery. However, it can also slow throughput. If your network is reliable enough without |
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
* Enable | * Enable | ||
- | * Disable * (Default). | + | * Disable * (Default) |
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
Line 397: | Line 587: | ||
Automatic Power Save Delivery options: | Automatic Power Save Delivery options: | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
* Disable | * Disable | ||
- | * Enable * (default) | + | * Enable * (Default) |
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | When your client device' | ||
+ | |||
+ | There are two types of APSD power saving features. with U-APSD (Unscheduled Automatic Power Save Delivery), your client devices signal the router to transmit any buffered data. | ||
+ | |||
+ | With S-APSD (Scheduled Automatic Power Save Delivery), the router sends buffered data on a fixed schedule known to the power-saving device without any signal from the client device. | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
==== Wireless Multicast Forwarding ==== | ==== Wireless Multicast Forwarding ==== | ||
- | Options: | + | \\ |
* Disable * (default) | * Disable * (default) | ||
* Enable | * Enable | ||
- | ==== Turbo QAM ==== | + | \\ |
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Modulation Scheme | ||
+ | |||
+ | (Note: was called Turbo QAM up to 2022.7) | ||
This setting will enable Turbo QAM, Broadcom' | This setting will enable Turbo QAM, Broadcom' | ||
Line 414: | Line 626: | ||
Turbo QAM, or 256-QAM is a modulation method in which the two carrier signals are shifted in phase by 90 degrees. These two signals are then modulated and combined. The 90° difference in phase between the two signals means they are "in quadrature" | Turbo QAM, or 256-QAM is a modulation method in which the two carrier signals are shifted in phase by 90 degrees. These two signals are then modulated and combined. The 90° difference in phase between the two signals means they are "in quadrature" | ||
- | In theory, this modulation method makes it possible to transmit more bits per symbol, and thus increase data rates. In reality, most claims of big increases in transfer rates are likely exaggerated. QAM links are more susceptible to noise. As a result, Turbo QAM is generally only useful in very low-noise/ | + | In theory, this modulation method makes it possible to transmit more bits per symbol, and thus increase data rates. In reality, most claims of big increases in transfer rates are likely exaggerated. QAM links are more susceptible to noise. As a result, Turbo QAM is generally only useful in very low-noise/ |
- | \\ | + | |
+ | {{: | ||
- | {{: | ||
- | \\ | ||
==== Explicit beamforming ==== | ==== Explicit beamforming ==== | ||
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Beamforming works best at medium range. At short range, the signal power is high enough that the signal-to-noise ratio will support the maximum data rate. At long ranges, beamforming does not offer gains over an omnidirectional antenna. | Beamforming works best at medium range. At short range, the signal power is high enough that the signal-to-noise ratio will support the maximum data rate. At long ranges, beamforming does not offer gains over an omnidirectional antenna. | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
==== Universal/ | ==== Universal/ | ||
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Both access points and clients (which support it) can use beamforming. However, the higher processing power and larger distance between antennas in routers/ | Both access points and clients (which support it) can use beamforming. However, the higher processing power and larger distance between antennas in routers/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Optimized for Xbox ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Disable * (Default will enable LDPC (Low-Density-Parity-Check) cap.) | ||
+ | * Enable | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | LDPC is a forward error correction capability that allows single bit errors to be automatically corrected. Starting with 802.11n, LDPC was added as an optional capability that must be negotiated as part of the 802.11 association process. If LDPC is enabled, an AP will advertise that capability in its beacon packets. | ||
+ | |||
+ | LDPC can increase signal-to-noise ratio, (SNR) approximately 1-2 dB, depending on specifics of the channel being used. When LDCP increases SNR, it can consequently improve data rates, and in doing so, reduce airtime utilization. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Enabling Optimized for Xbox disables LDPC. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Note: Align Option/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
==== Air Time Fairness ==== | ==== Air Time Fairness ==== | ||
- | Enable/ | + | Generally, the relationship |