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--- basic-network [2024/02/21 02:01] – [WAN(x) Settings] hogwild
+++ basic-network [2024/02/21 16:06] – [WAN(x) Settings] -clarity, condense Load Balance Weight settings hogwild
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-When configuring a router in a MultiWAN configuration, it's important to understand that the MultiWAN function performs load-sharing of the links. Load sharing is performed on a per-session basis to prevent issues with interactive traffic, such as real-time voice/video, or RDP. Setting the Load Balance Weight on each interface adjusts how that interface will participate in MultiWAN activities. The examples below provide more details.\\  \\ Load Balance Weight: 0\\ If "0" is used, FreshTomato will not actively route traffic, but the WAN connection with weight "0" will automatically be enabled if all other primary interfaces with weight greater than "1" fail. This is commonly used in "failover" scenarios. When an interface with weight "0" is us auto-enabled, it will be assigned a weight of 1.
+When configuring a router in a MultiWAN configuration, the MultiWAN function performs load sharing of the links. Load sharing is performed on a per-session basis to prevent issues with interactive traffic, such as real-time voice/video, or RDP. Setting the Load Balance Weight on each interface adjusts how that interface will participate in MultiWAN activities. Below are some examples.\\  \\ Load Balance Weight: 0  (Failover)\\ If 0 is used, FreshTomato will not actively route traffic if other WAN interfaces are functional. However, the WAN connection with weight "0" will be automatically enabled if there is a failure of all other WAN interfaces with a weight or 1 or more. This is commonly used in "failover" scenarios. When an interface with weight "0" is is automatically enabled, it will be assigned a weight of 1.
-Now, let's assume we have 2x WANs:
+For example:
-WAN0="weight 0"
+Let's assume we have 2 WANs, as follows:
-WAN1="weight 1".
+WAN0="weight 0"
-At some point, WAN1 fails. As soon as the failure is noticed, WAN0 will bring itself to life and begin routing packets. Later, WAN1 recovers its connectivity. As soon as FreshTomato recognizes this, (seconds to minutes), WAN0 will go back to an idle status while the traffic is re-routed through the resuscitated WAN1. This recovery, back to the originally active interface is also known as **preempting. **Preempting is FreshTomato's default (and fixed) behaviour.\\  \\ Load Balance Weight: 1\\ Any value higher than "0" causes an interface to actively route packets. A weight of "1" doesn't necessarily mean much by itself, as it needs to be compared with the load balance weights of other Interfaces to direct functionality. If WAN0="weight 0" and WAN1="weight 1", that means WAN1 is handling 100% of the traffic. \\  \\ Load Balance Weight: 5\\ An interface set with e.g. weight 5 would essentially handle 5 new sessions before any other interface is to be used.\\  \\ In a practical example let's say we have 3 WANs:\\  \\  WAN0 = weight 0\\  WAN1 = weight 1\\  WAN2 = weight 5\\  \\  In this scenario WAN0 is to be used only if both WAN1 and WAN2 are both in failed state (can't route packets). WAN1 will handle the very 1st LAN client new session going through the router, where WAN2 is to handle the 2nd,3d,4th,5th,6th. So what's happens to the 7th? It starts again from WAN1 with 1 session and WAN2 will take care of the next 5 new sessions so 8th,9th,10,11,12th.\\   \\
+WAN1="weight 1"
-A very important final point on MultiWAN load-sharing: **You can only affect traffic outbound**. This implicitly means that returning traffic will always aim the FT's WAN interface that originated the traffic. As the allocation of new session to a WAN is dynamic, you could control what traffic gets allocated to what Interface (a.k.a. sticky connection) via the [[advanced-pbr|MultiWAN routing]] configuration page.
+At some point, WAN1 fails. As soon as this failure is noticed, WAN0 will activate (assigned with weight 1) and begin routing packets. Later, WAN1 recovers its connectivity. As soon as FreshTomato recognizes this, (within seconds or minutes), WAN0 will be set back to idle status while traffic is rerouted through the revived WAN1. This process of recovering back to the originally active interface is called //preempting//.** **Preempting is FreshTomato's default (and fixed) behavior.\\  \\ Load Balance Weight: 1\\ Any value higher than "0" causes an interface to actively route packets. Weights are relative, so a weight of "1" doesn't mean much. Each weight is compared to the Load Balance Weights of other Interfaces to direct functionality. If WAN0="weight 0" and WAN1="weight 1", that means WAN1 is handling 100% of the traffic.\\  \\ Load Balance Weight: 5\\ An interface set with, for example, weight 5, would essentially handle 5 new sessions before any other interface is to be used.\\  \\ For example, say we have 3 WANs, as follows:\\  \\  WAN0 = weight 0\\  WAN1 = weight 1\\  WAN2 = weight 5\\  \\ In this case, WAN0 will be used only if both WAN1 and WAN2 are both in a failed state, and are unable to route packets. WAN1 will handle the very first new LAN client session going through the router. WAN2 is set to handle the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth sessions. The seventh new session starts again from WAN1, as it would be treated as a another first new LAN client session. WAN2 will then handle the next five new sessions, meaning the eighth, ninth, tenth eleventh and twelfth sessions.\\   \\ One final point about MultiWAN load sharing: **These settings only affect outbound traffic**. Return traffic will always try to return to the WAN interface from which it originated. As the allocation of new session to a WAN is dynamic, you could control what traffic gets allocated to which Interface (a.k.a. sticky connection) via the [[advanced-pbr|MultiWAN routing]] configuration page.
  \\

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