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firmware_basics_procedures [2022/02/21 19:23] – hogwild | firmware_basics_procedures [2024/03/02 22:27] – [Broadcom CFE miniWebserver Method] -clarify CFE details hogwild | ||
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==== What is Firmware and what do all those Terms Mean? ==== | ==== What is Firmware and what do all those Terms Mean? ==== | ||
- | === What's " | + | \\ |
- | In short, flashing is installing new firmware. On a device like a router, firmware is most of the basic programming code which runs most of the major functions on the device. This is similar to the installed operating system and programs on a PC. However, firmware updates are released not just to improve usability, but to increase security and protect against vulnerabilities. The device can usually run a without them in a fairly stable way. However, you should understand the risks this may expose on your network. | + | {{:: |
- | Firmware is " | + | \\ \\ **What' |
+ | |||
+ | In short, flashing is installing new firmware. On a device like a router, firmware is most of the basic programming code which runs most of the major functions on the device. This is similar to the installed operating system and programs on a PC. Similar to a PC, firmware updates are released to fix bugs, add new features, and increase security. The device can usually run without updates in a fairly stable way. However, you should understand the risks this may involve for your network. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Firmware is " | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
- | === Why flash firmware? === | + | === Why Flash Firmware? === |
Flashing firmware is usually done to fix bugs, improve stability or add new features to the device. In the case of FreshTomato, | Flashing firmware is usually done to fix bugs, improve stability or add new features to the device. In the case of FreshTomato, | ||
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On routers, firmware is stored in a type of non-volatile memory called Flash RAM. The contents of non-volatile memory such as Flash RAM remain after reboots or when the device is turned off. If they were erased, the device would not function. On routers, firmware is replaced or updated by uploading the entire image of the operating system installation and its programs to an EEPROM (electrically erasable and writable) chip. | On routers, firmware is stored in a type of non-volatile memory called Flash RAM. The contents of non-volatile memory such as Flash RAM remain after reboots or when the device is turned off. If they were erased, the device would not function. On routers, firmware is replaced or updated by uploading the entire image of the operating system installation and its programs to an EEPROM (electrically erasable and writable) chip. | ||
- | Again, this is vaguely similar to reformatting and reinstalling the entire operating system on a PC. However, during the firmware flashing process, files are not copied one at a time onto a filesystem. Instead, one single image file that contains | + | Again, this is vaguely similar to reformatting and reinstalling the entire operating system on a PC. However, during the firmware flashing process, files are not copied one at a time onto a filesystem. Instead, one single image file of the entire installation is copied to Flash RAM, a small portion at a time. This is similar to using a drive imaging |
=== What's an Image? === | === What's an Image? === | ||
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=== How do I Choose which Firmware Build to Use? === | === How do I Choose which Firmware Build to Use? === | ||
- | Make sure to carefully choose a FreshTomato build appropriate for your hardware model. Choosing the wrong build/ | + | Make sure to carefully choose a FreshTomato build appropriate for your hardware model. Choosing the wrong build/ |
+ | |||
+ | When choosing a build, you need to make note of: | ||
* The router/AP model | * The router/AP model | ||
Line 50: | Line 60: | ||
For some models, Flash RAM is limited, so it’s also important you choose a build that takes up less storage space than is available. Otherwise, you could run out of Flash RAM and your hardware could be bricked. For help choosing a build that's appropriate for your hardware, see the [[: | For some models, Flash RAM is limited, so it’s also important you choose a build that takes up less storage space than is available. Otherwise, you could run out of Flash RAM and your hardware could be bricked. For help choosing a build that's appropriate for your hardware, see the [[: | ||
- | === What's "bricking" the router? Why is that a bad thing? === | + | === What's "Bricking" the Router? Why is that a Bad Thing? === |
" | " | ||
- | Never interrupt a firmware | + | Here are some rules for successful |
- | === What's NVRAM and why should | + | * Never interrupt a firmware flash until it's completely finished. |
+ | * Never turn off the router/ | ||
+ | * Never reboot your PC until a flash has completed. | ||
+ | * Never disconnect the network connection with the router until the flash is completed. | ||
+ | * Never cancel/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ Doing any of the above can result in a partial update. This may leave the firmware corrupted, which can damage how the device works or even "brick it", making it useless. | ||
+ | |||
+ | === What's NVRAM and Why Should | ||
NVRAM is the part of non-volatile memory in routers where settings and parameters are stored. | NVRAM is the part of non-volatile memory in routers where settings and parameters are stored. | ||
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FreshTomato can sometimes retain some NVRAM variables (settings) even after you flash a new firmware image to your router. Therefore, it's very important to erase NVRAM before flashing. Doing so ensures that all variables from the existing firmware are erased before flashing begins. Erasing NVRAM before flashing is an important step that should NEVER be skipped. | FreshTomato can sometimes retain some NVRAM variables (settings) even after you flash a new firmware image to your router. Therefore, it's very important to erase NVRAM before flashing. Doing so ensures that all variables from the existing firmware are erased before flashing begins. Erasing NVRAM before flashing is an important step that should NEVER be skipped. | ||
- | === What's a "Dirty Flash" | + | === What's a "Dirty Flash"? Why Should |
A "dirty flash" is a flash which was performed without thoroughly wiping NVRAM before and after flashing. A dirty flash often leads to strange, unexplained symptoms, like web interface pages that don't display properly, " | A "dirty flash" is a flash which was performed without thoroughly wiping NVRAM before and after flashing. A dirty flash often leads to strange, unexplained symptoms, like web interface pages that don't display properly, " | ||
- | === How do I flash FreshTomato to my router/hardware? Which method should | + | === How Do I flash FreshTomato to my Router/hardware? Which Method Should |
There are several methods used to flash firmware on modern routers. The method you use depends on several things. | There are several methods used to flash firmware on modern routers. The method you use depends on several things. | ||
- | * Which brand/ | + | * The brand/ |
- | * The age of your hardware | + | * The age of your hardware. |
- | * Whether | + | * Whether the vendor allows |
- | * Which firmware you're trying to flash: stock, or FreshTomato firmware | + | * Which firmware you're trying to flash: stock (vendor' |
- | \\ | ||
- | |||
- | Let's start by examining some methods for flashing firmware on Asus routers. | ||
===== Flashing Asus Hardware ===== | ===== Flashing Asus Hardware ===== | ||
Line 83: | Line 98: | ||
For Asus hardware, several methods/ | For Asus hardware, several methods/ | ||
- | ==== Asus Firmware | + | ==== Flashing from Tomato |
- | Asus provides | + | In general, if your (FreshTomato supported) |
- | [[https:// | ||
- | This program is used to flash firmware, and to recover from failed firmware flashes. The program finds the router' | + | ==== AsusWRT Web Interface Method ==== |
- | For Asus models built in 2014 and older, the Asus Firmware Restoration utility will work fine. However, Firmware Restoration will not allow you to flash third-party firmware like FreshTomato on most Asus models built in 2015 and later. | + | This flashing method is only possible for builds of release 2022.3 and later. |
- | Asus Firmware Restoration Utility method | + | \\ |
- | //Step 1. Download and install Asus Firmware Restoration from the Asus website// | + | Here are the steps to follow:\\ |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | - Click on the "DHCP Server" |
- | * | + | - Disable DHCP. Beside " |
+ | | ||
+ | - Click on the Firmware Upgrade tab. \\ \\ | ||
+ | - Click Browse... | ||
+ | - After selecting | ||
+ | | ||
+ | - When the upgrade process completes, reboot the router by turning it off and on again. \\ \\ | ||
+ | - Reset the router to defaults by pressing the Reset button on the back of the router for at least 3 seconds. \\ \\ {{:: | ||
+ | - The router will erase NVRAM and reboot again. It should now be ready for you to configure it for use. | ||
- | | + | \\ |
- | Download the correct image file for your router. Assuming you've read all the above, see the [[: | + | === Notes about Flashing via AsusWRT === |
- | It's strongly recommended that you also download the latest version of stock firmware for your hardware. That way, in case flashing FreshTomato fails, you can always re-flash the stock firmware. Remember, after a failed flash, you might not have a working router. If that happens, you might be unable to download stock firmware on your normal network. | + | \\ |
- | \\ // | + | * SDK6 MIPS & ARM Models (like the Asus RT-N18U or RT-AC68U): |
+ | * SDK7 routers (like RT-AC3200) and SDK714 routers (like the RT-AC5300, RT-AC3100): \\ Since release 2022.6, these models support upgrades via the web interface. | ||
+ | * Asus RT-AC1900U upgrades may require FreshTomato firmware for the Asus RT-AC68U. | ||
- | The next step is to clear the router' | + | \\ |
- | The process of clearing NVRAM will vary, depending on the model of your hardware. The simplest way to wipe NVRAM settings from within stock Asus firmware is: | ||
- | * Connect to the router' | + | ==== Asus Firmware Restoration utility Method ==== |
- | * Click on the “Administration” menu | + | |
- | * Click on the “Restore/ | + | |
- | * Beside “Factory Defaults”, | + | |
- | * Click " | + | |
\\ | \\ | ||
- | {{: | + | Asus provides a Windows program called Firmware Restoration. This utility is used to flash firmware or recover from a failed firmware flash. It finds the router' |
- | | + | For Asus models built in or before 2014, the Firmware Restoration utility will work fine. However, on most Asus models after 2014, Firmware Restoration will not let you flash third-party firmware like FreshTomato. If you try this on newer hardware, the program will simply throw an error saying it's not possible.The reasons indirectly relate to a 2015 decision made by the US FCC (Federal Communications Commission) about changes to wireless features in third-party firmware. For details, see the section below titled: //FCC Regulation Change Affecting Wireless Routers//. |
- | To wipe the NVRAM on current Asus models: | + | \\ |
- | * Unplug | + | To flash using the Firmware Restoration utility: |
- | * Hold down the WPS button and reinsert the power connector. \\ Continue to hold the WPS button for about 30 seconds | + | |
- | * After you release the WPS button, all LEDs on the front of the router \\ should blink once to signal that NVRAM memory was cleared | + | |
- | To be sure of the correct procedure | + | - Ensure an Ethernet cable is the only connection between your PC and the router. \\ Disconnect all other Ethernet cables from the router. Other connections can cause problems. \\ Some people have flashed firmware via a WiFi connection. However, for maximum stability, flash only via Ethernet. \\ Never attempt to flash firmware via a WAN connection. It involves high risk and advanced skills. \\ \\ |
+ | - Download and install Asus Firmware Restoration from the Asus website | ||
+ | - In the Support section | ||
+ | - Click " | ||
+ | - Find and download the latest version of the Firmware Restoration utility. | ||
+ | - Install the Firmware Restoration utility. \\ \\ | ||
+ | - Download the appropriate FreshTomato image file// // | ||
+ | - Download an appropriate FreshTomato image file for your router. \\ If you've read the Basic Concepts above, see the [[: | ||
+ | - Download the latest Asus firmware for your router so that if the FreshTomato flash fails, you can flash back to Asus firmware. \\ Remember, without a working router, you might not be able to download firmware on your network until it's working again. \\ \\ | ||
+ | - Clear the NVRAM | ||
+ | - Clear NVRAM by restoring factory defaults in the Asus interface. This resets settings to defaults and ensures \\ there' | ||
+ | - Click on the “Administration” menu. | ||
+ | - Click on the “Restore/ | ||
+ | - Beside “Factory Default”, click the Restore button. \\ \\ {{:: | ||
+ | - To wipe NVRAM on most current Asus models using the hardware button method: | ||
+ | - Unplug the AC adapter from the back of the router. | ||
+ | - Hold down the WPS button and reinsert the power connector. Continue to hold the WPS button for 30 seconds. | ||
+ | - Release the WPS button. All front LEDs should blink once to signal that NVRAM was cleared. \\ If you have trouble, check the user manual or the manufacturer' | ||
+ | - Configure your PC with a static IP address and disable all WiFi interfaces on your PC.\\ In Rescue Mode, the DHCP server is not available, so your client will need a static IP address. | ||
+ | - Enable Rescue Mode on the router. Typically, for Asus routers, this is done as follows: | ||
+ | - Remove the AC adapter plug from the back of the router. | ||
+ | - Hold down the Reset button while plugging in the power cable again so the power turns on. | ||
+ | - Continue to hold Reset until the Power LED starts to slowly flash on and off. | ||
+ | - Release the Reset button. | ||
+ | - Move quickly to step 7. Firmware Restoration has a timeout period. If flashing doesn' | ||
+ | - Flash FreshTomato | ||
+ | - Run Firmware Restoration. Click " | ||
+ | - Select the correct .trx firmware file for your router. Click " | ||
+ | - Click " | ||
+ | - The utility should begin scanning for your router device, then slowly uploading the firmware. \\ \\ | ||
+ | - Wait until flashing is complete. **The progress bar is not accurate** regarding completion. | ||
+ | - The router should now let clients connect. Open a web browser to 192.168.1.1 and net mask: 255.255.255.0 . \\ You should see a login screen. Enter username: “root”, and password “admin” to log on.\\ \\ | ||
+ | - From within FreshTomato, | ||
+ | - Under Administration, | ||
+ | - Under Restore Default Configuration, | ||
- | | + | |
- | In Rescue Mode, the DHCP server is not available. For this reason, assigning your PC a static IP is recommended. Also, there have been cases in which a DHCP appeared to cause the Firmware Restoration utility to stop before a flash was complete. It also may make it more difficult to connect to the router | + | Sometimes on the first boot after flashing, |
- | Disconnect any WAN cable from your hardware. This has been known to occasionally cause problems. | + | In such cases: |
- | Many people have had success flashing firmware via a Wi-Fi connection. However, for maximum stability, it's recommended you disable all Wi-Fi on the router | + | |
+ | | ||
+ | - Refresh | ||
- | | + | \\ |
- | For Asus routers, this usually means: | + | If problems persist, try the following: |
- | | + | |
- | * Press and hold the Reset button while plugging in the power cable again so the power turns on | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | If the router is still acting strangely at that point, it is advised that you request help on the Tomato Web forum. |
- | Now, run Firmware Restoration. Select the correct firmware .trx file. You can safely ignore any message warning you that the firmware is incompatible. Click OK to agree to the prompt. The utility should begin scanning for your router/ | + | \\ |
- | | ||
- | Wait until the flashing is complete. The flashing is complete only when the power LED comes back on, not necessarily when the progress bar on the update tool indicates it has finished. BE PATIENT! This can take as long as 45 minutes to complete. Even if the utility says the upload is not completed, or it hangs at a certain point, DO NOT PANIC. Wait for another 10 to 15 minutes before you do anything else. When the process is complete, the router should automatically power cycle. Your router should now be working on IP address 192.168.1.1 with 255.255.255.0 subnet mask. At that point, open a web browser and go to 192.168.1.1 . You should now be able to login with user ““root” and password “admin”. | + | ==== TFTP Method ==== |
- | | + | " |
- | - Under Administration, | + | The TFTP method is useful when the manufacturer' |
- | - Under Restore Default Configuration, | + | |
- | {{:asus-factory-reset-freshtomato.jpg}} | + | To prepare to flash via tftp: |
- | \\ At this point, your hardware should function properly. | + | * Reset the router' |
+ | * Put the router into Rescue Mode, as described above. | ||
+ | * Put the FreshTomato firmware file in the same folder as your tftp program. | ||
+ | * Open a command prompt, and change directories to the folder containing the firmware. | ||
+ | * Type '' | ||
+ | * (Replace " | ||
+ | * Unplug the AC adapter from the router. | ||
+ | * Hold down the Reset button while reconnecting the AC adapter. | ||
+ | * When the power light starts slowly blinking, let go of the Reset button. | ||
+ | * Press enter at the command line above to start the tftp upload process. | ||
+ | * Wait at least 10 minutes for the upload to complete. | ||
+ | * If flashing is successful, you will be taken to the FreshTomato logon screen | ||
+ | * Log on to the FreshTomato web interface and reset NVRAM, as in the screenshot above. | ||
- | However, sometimes on the first boot after flashing, the hardware may seem buggy or unexpected things may happen. If this happens, reboot | + | Note that Rescue Mode has a timeout period, so there is a limit as to how long you have to upload |
- | If problems continue, try the following steps, in order: | + | \\ \\ |
- | - Clear your web browser cache again | ||
- | - Erase NVRAM at least twice, and; | ||
- | - Reboot the router at least two more times | ||
- | If the router is still acting buggy or incorrectly at that point, we recommend you request help on the Tomato forum. | + | ==== Broadcom CFE miniWebserver Method ==== |
- | ==== TFTP Method ==== | + | {{: |
- | " | + | \\ |
- | To prepare to flash via tftp: | + | Modern routers use CFE (Common Firmware Environment) for bootstrapping. |
- | * Reset the router' | + | For a subset of Broadcom devices, CFE has been preset to run the convenient miniWeb server interface (shown in the image above). CFE allows you to install any compatible firmware on your device, making the router largely " |
- | * Put the router | + | |
- | * Put the FreshTomato firmware file in the same folder as your tftp program | + | When CFE loads, it sets the router's IP address to 192.168.1.1 . As a result, you can connect to the router by setting your client device' |
- | * Open a command prompt, and change directories | + | |
- | * Type “tftp –I PUT filename.trx IP address of router" | + | If you already have Freshtomato on your device, you can change |
- | * Unplug the AC adapter plug from the router | + | |
- | * Hold down the Reset button while reconnecting the AC adapter | + | |
- | * When the power light starts blinking, let go of the Reset button | + | |
- | * Press enter to start the tftp upload process | + | |
- | * Wait at least 10 minutes for the upload to complete | + | |
- | * Log on to Tomato' | + | |
- | Note that there is a time limit on how long you have to upload the firmware file. If the timeout period expires, you may need to put the hardware into Rescue Mode again and restart the flashing process. There is no need to reset the hardware to defaults again. | + | CFE can also be accessed by using a console/ |
\\ | \\ | ||
- | ==== Broadcom CFE miniWebserver Method ==== | ||
- | TBD. | + | ===== Flashing Linksys Hardware ===== |
- | {{:broadcom-cfe-miniwebserver.jpg}} | + | |
+ | ==== Flashing when Tomato is already installed. ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | If your hardware has a fork of Tomato already installed, you can simply use the // | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Flashing From Stock (OEM) Firmware ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Flashing Linksys hardware can, in some cases, be a little more complicated than flashing other brands of hardware. It is recommended that you first check the Notes section of the [[hardware_compatibility|Hardware compatibility]] list for important details before flashing. This section includes warnings about important issues such as NVRAM sizes/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Some models might need to be flashed with a special " | ||
+ | |||
+ | There are no official wiki HOWTOs for flashing Linksys hardware. However, there are several unofficial HOWTOs on the Tomato forum which have been used successfully many times: | ||
+ | |||
+ | === For models: === | ||
+ | |||
+ | * ea6200 | ||
+ | * ea6350v1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[https:// | ||
\\ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | === For models: === | ||
+ | |||
+ | * ea6300v1 | ||
+ | * ea6400 | ||
+ | * ea6500v2 | ||
+ | * ea6700 | ||
+ | * ea6900v1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ If you you are still not sure how to proceed, it is recommended that you post an inquiry on the [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | You are also advised to read the Notes section at the bottom of this page for more details on general flashing basics. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Flashing Netgear Hardware ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Netgear R-series ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | === When Netgear firmware is already installed === | ||
+ | |||
+ | If you have a Netgear R-series router with Netgear firmware installed, **you must** first flash with one of the " | ||
+ | |||
+ | As an example, the following steps review the process for flashing an R7000 with an initial build, and then a normal build. | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | First, download the two files you'll need to flash the R7000: | ||
+ | |||
+ | The " | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | This .zip file has the following MD5SUM value: | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | The normal R7000 AIO build file: | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | This .zip file has the following MD5SUM value: ec63c869fe14f5b46cbb13813c1699bf | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Verify integrity of both .zip files by running a hash check program against them. On Windows, HashMyFiles works well. | ||
+ | |||
+ | If the MD5 has found in the hash check program matches the number listed above, the file is good. If it does not match the value above, the file has been corrupted during download and should be downloaded again. Do not flash using the contents of .zip files that fail a hash check. | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Now, unzip the .zip files. The two files inside should look like this (for this particular router model/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | If you're not sure which build file to download, | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Check the [[hardware_compatibility|Hardware compatibility]] list for your model | ||
+ | * Read the "//How Do I Choose a Firmware Build//" | ||
+ | * A table there illustrates the naming scheme of FreshTomato builds. | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | In the case of the R7000, the data in the table describe these specifications: | ||
+ | |||
+ | * CPU: The R7000 contains an ARM chipset | ||
+ | * NVRAM: The R7000 contains 64KB | ||
+ | * AIO = All in One build (contains all feature available). | ||
+ | * Thus, we choose firmware with filename freshtomato-R7000-ARM-[version]-AIO-64K.trx (only after we flash an initial build). | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Now, let's perform the flash procedure: | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | - Connect an Ethernet cable to a LAN port on your router and your computer' | ||
+ | - Disconnect all other Ethernet connections. \\ \\ | ||
+ | - Power on the router. Wait 2-5 minutes for it to finish booting. \\ \\ | ||
+ | - Reset the router to defaults by holding down Reset with a paperclip for 30 seconds. Follow the user guide for specifics.\\ \\ {{:: | ||
+ | - Wait again 2-5 minutes until the router finishes rebooting. \\ \\ \\ \\ | ||
+ | - Open a Web browser and enter: 192.168.1.1 . Log on with your current Username/ | ||
+ | - Now disable DHCP. Go to Advanced--> | ||
+ | - Go to the Advanced TAB > Administration > Router update. \\ \\ {{:: | ||
+ | - Browse to the .CHK file above (freshtomato-R7000-20xx.x-initial-64K.chk) then click UPLOAD. \\ \\ \\ \\ | ||
+ | - When prompted to continue, click OK. \\ \\ {{:: | ||
+ | - At the Router Update Warning screen, click YES. Then, the screen shows: "The Router is updating its firmware" | ||
+ | - The Router Update screen then shows: " | ||
+ | - Wait 2-5 minutes until presented with a login. **Do NOT** log on. | ||
+ | - If your PC's IP address changes to 169.254.x.x, | ||
+ | - Wait 5 minutes, and proceed with the next step.\\ \\ \\ \\ | ||
+ | - Press the Reset button once briefly with a paper clip. \\ \\ {{netgear-r7000-reset-button.jpg? | ||
+ | - While the router reboots, configure your PC with a static IP address of 192.168.1.9 and gateway of 192.168.1.1 . | ||
+ | - This step may not be necessary, as the router should be running DHCP, and should assign your PC an IP address. \\ \\ \\ \\ | ||
+ | - Ping the router' | ||
+ | - Wait until the ping results show that it rebooted (" | ||
+ | - Flashing is finished, and with the router rebooted, you can connect to its Web interface. \\ \\ \\ \\ | ||
+ | - In a web browser, enter: 192.168.1.1 . Enter Username: " | ||
+ | - If this fails: | ||
+ | - Use a private browser (incognito) window. | ||
+ | - Clear the browser cache. | ||
+ | - You probably didn't reset the device, or you didn't wait long enough. Please repeat Step 13. \\ \\ \\ \\ | ||
+ | - You should now be logged in. You should see " | ||
+ | - Under Configuration > Restore Default Configuration > select "Erase all data in NVRAM memory" | ||
+ | - You should see: " | ||
+ | - Eventually, the initial build is installed and NVRAM cleared. Now, upgrade to a normal build. \\ \\ | ||
+ | - Continue (or open) 192.168.1.1 in a browser window. \\ \\ \\ \\ | ||
+ | - Under Administration > Firmware Upgrade, click Browse... and find the .TRX firmware file above. | ||
+ | - This was the .trx file at the time this was written. Select it. Now, click Upgrade. \\ \\ \\ \\ | ||
+ | - Wait..You will see a timer, and: " | ||
+ | - Wait...You' | ||
+ | - Eventually, you'll be asked to Click " | ||
+ | - Under Administration > Configuration > select "Erase all data in NVRAM memory", | ||
+ | - You should see: " | ||
+ | - Eventually, you should be be prompted to click " | ||
+ | - You should now be back at the Upgrade Firmware menu. The flashing process is complete. \\ \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | === When FreshTomato is already installed === | ||
+ | |||
+ | If you already have FreshTomato installed on your Netgear, you can upgrade to newer releases using regular build files. These .zip archives contain firmware files ending with the .trx file extension. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Flashing Netgear Routers back to Original Netgear (Genie) Firmware ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | A Netgear router with FreshTomato installed cannot be directly flashed back to original Netgear firmware with normal builds. Some Netgear models can be flashed back to Netgear firmware using special builds called " | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
===== FCC Regulation Change Affecting Wireless Routers ===== | ===== FCC Regulation Change Affecting Wireless Routers ===== | ||
Line 217: | Line 428: | ||
| | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Installing FreshTomato Notes ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Some devices might need to be flashed with a special " | ||
+ | * On some models, like the Asus-AC3200, | ||
+ | * On some models, flashing may take a long time, as much as 10-15 minutes before FreshTomato is ready. Occasionally, | ||
+ | * If other methods fail, flashing via TFTP is almost always possible. This requires an Ethernet connection, TFTP server software running on router and a TFTP client program on the client device. Generally, this should be attempted only as a last resort, when all other methods have failed. | ||