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usb_formatting_with_swap_partition [2021/08/16 22:33] – [Manual method:] hogwildusb_formatting_with_swap_partition [2023/07/14 18:30] – [Final setup] -fix broken Overview link hogwild
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 ====== USB formatting with swap partition ====== ====== USB formatting with swap partition ======
  
-It is highly advisable to make some form of permanent storage available to FreshTomato. A swap partition can prevent several types of insufficient RAM symptoms, such as system instability, failing processes, and in very severe cases, even spontaneous reboots. All this will depend largely on the network load and on FreshTomato's configuration. Some functions require much more RAM than others, and higher network traffic will put more load on the router and require more RAM than lower traffic. USB is an excellent candidate for providing swap space.+A swap partition can prevent several types of insufficient RAM symptoms, such as system instability, failing processes, and in severe cases, even reboots. All this depends largely on the network load and on FreshTomato's configuration. Some functions require much more RAM than others, and higher network traffic puts more load on the router and requires more RAM. USB storage is an excellent way to provide swap space. 
 + 
 +This example assumes you are using an ARM or MIPS build with USB support, and USB support is already enabled. If you're not sure how to enable USB support, check the [[nas-usb|USB Support]] page. 
 + 
 +For this example, we use a 16GB USB flash drive seen in the system as device **sda**.
  
-Assuming you are using either an ARM build or a MIPS build with USB support, it is assumed you have already have USB support enabled. If you're not sure how to enable USB support, check the [[:usb_support|USB Support]] wiki page. 
  
-For this example I'm using a 16GB USB 3.0 USB flash drive which is seen in the system as device **sda**. 
 ===== Automatic method ===== ===== Automatic method =====
  
-This assumes your drive device device name is sda ! If it's not, make sure to change the following commands consistent with your drive's device name.+This assumes your drive's device name is "sda" ! If it's not, remember to change these commands consistent with your drive's device name.
  
-The **echo 1000M** statement below defines the size of the swap partition (in MB). You may want to adjust that, according to your needs.+The **echo 1000M** statement below defines the size of the swap partition (in MB). You may adjust that according to your needs. 
 + 
 + \\
  
 Then enter: Then enter:
-<code> 
  
 + \\
 +
 +<code ->
 device=/dev/sda device=/dev/sda
 partition=$device'1' partition=$device'1'
 +swappartition=$device'2'
 nvram set usb_automount="0" nvram set usb_automount="0"
 (echo o; echo n; echo p; echo 2; echo ; echo +1000M; echo t; echo 82; echo n; echo p; echo 1; echo ; echo ; echo w) | fdisk $device (echo o; echo n; echo p; echo 2; echo ; echo +1000M; echo t; echo 82; echo n; echo p; echo 1; echo ; echo ; echo w) | fdisk $device
-mkfs.ext2 -L USB $partion +# Uncomment the preferred option here below: 
-mkswap /dev/sda2 +# mkfs.ext2 -L usb $partion 
-swapon /dev/sda2 +# mkfs.vfat -n usb $partion 
-mkdir /mnt/sda1 && mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/sda1+mkswap -L swap $swappartion 
 +swapon swap 
 +mkdir /mnt/usb && mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usb
 nvram set usb_automount="1" nvram set usb_automount="1"
- 
 </code> </code>
  
-===== Manual method: =====+ \\
  
-From the Web interface, disable the Automount checkbox in the [[usb_support|USB Support]] menu. 
  
-[[https://wiki.freshtomato.org/lib/exe/detail.php?id=usb_formatting_with_swap_partition&media=a8e2b7301ceba934bba6b9ca1b53e79d.png|{{:a8e2b7301ceba934bba6b9ca1b53e79d.png}}]]+===== Manual method ===== 
 + 
 +From the Web interface, disable the Automount checkbox in the [[nas-usb|USB Support]] menu.
  
  \\  \\
-Then, logon via SSH or Telnet and delete any existing partitions:+ 
 +[[https://wiki.freshtomato.org/lib/exe/detail.php?id=usb_formatting_with_swap_partition&media=a8e2b7301ceba934bba6b9ca1b53e79d.png|{{:a8e2b7301ceba934bba6b9ca1b53e79d.png}}]] 
 + 
 + \\ \\ Then, logon via SSH or Telnet and delete any existing partitions: \\   \\
  
 <code -> <code ->
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 </code> </code>
  
- \\ + \\   \\  \\ At this point, you should have two unformatted partitions on your flash drive:
- \\ +
-At this point you should have two unformatted partitions on your USB flash drive:+
  
- \\ +  * sda1   ~14GB  (fs-type ext2/3/4)  
-sda1 ~14GB (fs-type ext2/3/4)\\ sda2 ~1GB (fs-type swap)+  * sda2   ~1GB    (fs-type swap) \\  \\
  
 [[https://wiki.freshtomato.org/lib/exe/detail.php?id=usb_formatting_with_swap_partition&media=e92d2a33dbc6d3751c2da1c999e4922a.png|{{:e92d2a33dbc6d3751c2da1c999e4922a.png}}]] [[https://wiki.freshtomato.org/lib/exe/detail.php?id=usb_formatting_with_swap_partition&media=e92d2a33dbc6d3751c2da1c999e4922a.png|{{:e92d2a33dbc6d3751c2da1c999e4922a.png}}]]
  
-Now, let's format the partitions. **NOTE:** it is suggested you use ext2 filesystem for USB flash drives and ext3 for hard disks/SSDs.+ \\ 
 + 
 + \\  \\ Now, format the partitions. The ext2 filesystem is recommended for USB flash drives and ext3 for hard disks/SSDs. \\ \\
  
 <code -> <code ->
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 </code> </code>
  
-Now, mount the partitions+ \\   \\  Now, mount the partitions: \\ \\
  
 <code -> <code ->
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 </code> </code>
  
-You can now re-enable USB Automount on the USB and NAS menu.+ \\  \\ 
 + 
 +You can now re-enable USB Automount on the [[nas-usb|USB Support]] menu. 
 + 
 + \\ 
 + 
 + \\
  
  
 ===== Final setup ===== ===== Final setup =====
  
-The USB flash drive is now formatted. Your USB and NAS page settings should look like this:+ \\  The USB flash drive is now formatted. Your USB and NAS page settings should look like this:
  
-[[https://wiki.freshtomato.org/lib/exe/detail.php?id=usb_formatting_with_swap_partition&media=935fc69f3e8c4985542e9dbb9a4834ef.png|{{:935fc69f3e8c4985542e9dbb9a4834ef.png}}]]+\\ [[https://wiki.freshtomato.org/lib/exe/detail.php?id=usb_formatting_with_swap_partition&media=935fc69f3e8c4985542e9dbb9a4834ef.png|{{:935fc69f3e8c4985542e9dbb9a4834ef.png}}]]
  
-Under Attached Devices, you should see something similar to this:+ \\   \\  Under Attached Devices, you should see something similar to this:
  
-[[https://wiki.freshtomato.org/lib/exe/detail.php?id=usb_formatting_with_swap_partition&media=2741fc91e0778274bec4230fe9e3e686.png|{{:2741fc91e0778274bec4230fe9e3e686.png}}]]+\\ [[https://wiki.freshtomato.org/lib/exe/detail.php?id=usb_formatting_with_swap_partition&media=2741fc91e0778274bec4230fe9e3e686.png|{{:2741fc91e0778274bec4230fe9e3e686.png?813}}]]
  
-To verify the swap partition is working well, check the [[:overview|Overview]] menu. You should see information related to swap space:+ \\   \\ To verify the swap partition works properly, check the [[status-overview|Overview]] menu. You should see details related to swap space:
  
-[[https://wiki.freshtomato.org/lib/exe/detail.php?id=usb_formatting_with_swap_partition&media=dbae47af7a43e0a02c8637092a2edd2b.png|{{:dbae47af7a43e0a02c8637092a2edd2b.png}}]]+ \\ [[https://wiki.freshtomato.org/lib/exe/detail.php?id=usb_formatting_with_swap_partition&media=dbae47af7a43e0a02c8637092a2edd2b.png|{{:dbae47af7a43e0a02c8637092a2edd2b.png}}]] 
 + 
 + \\ 
 + 
 + \\
  
  
usb_formatting_with_swap_partition.txt · Last modified: 2024/06/17 19:25 by hogwild

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